Research sponsored by Powell River Project and U.S. Office of Surface Mining developed guidelines for construction of wetlands during mine-reclamation operations on SMCRA-permitted mines. The recommendations focus on cost-effective construction of wetlands that will function as healthy ecosystems and support wildlife.

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Publications

Holl, Karen D. 2002. Long-term vegetation recovery on reclaimed coal-surface mines in the eastern USA. Journal of Applied Ecology 39:960-970.

Atkinson, Robert B., C.E. Zipper, W.L. Daniels, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1997. Constructing Wetlands During Reclamation to Improve Wildlife Habitat. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-129.

Atkinson, Robert, W.L. Daniels, and J. Cairns Jr. 1996 . Ontogeny of accidental wetlands and hydric soil development in surface mined landscapes. p. 516-528, in: Proceedings, 13th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation

Heckman, John, K. Holl, M. Sabre, R. Atkinson, and J. Cairns Jr. 1996. The potential for using native wildflowers to increase natural habitat in contour surface mine reclamation. p. 453-461, in: Proceedings, 13th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation..

Holl, Karen D. 1996. The effect of coal surface mine reclamation on diurnal lepidopteran conservation. Journal of Applied Ecology 33:225-236.

Holl, Karen D. 1995. Nectar resources and their influence on butterfly communities on reclaimed coal surface mined lands. Restoration Ecology 3(2):76-85.

Atkinson, Robert, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1994. Possible use of wetlands in ecological restoration of surface mined lands. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health 3: 139-144.

Cairns, J. Jr., and R.B. Atkinson. 1994. Constructing ecosystems and determining their connectivity to the larger landscape. p. 111-119, In: Hester, R.E., and R.M. Harrington (eds). Mining and its Environmental Impact. Royal Society of Chemistry. Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Holl, Karen. 1994. Vegetational and Lepidopteran Conservation in Rehabilitated Ecosystems. Ph.D. Dissertation, Biology.

Holl, Karen, and J. Cairns Jr. 1994. Vegetational community development on reclaimed coal surface mines in Virginia. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 121(4):327-337.

Jones, David. 1994. Macroinvertebrate Communities Inhabiting Surface Mine Wetlands of Southwestern Virginia. M.S. Thesis, Biology.

Atkinson, Robert, and J. Cairns, Jr. 1993. Constructed wetlands and reclamation. Virginia Mining Journal 6(4):4-6.

Holl, K. D. and J. Cairns, Jr. 1993. The Effect of Coal Surface Mine Reclamation on Lepidopteran Populations in Virginia. Bulletin of Ecological Society of America 74:279.